seminar – VISMAYA – History & Philosophy of Physics

Talk at Kyoto University

Whereas Sunday was bright, sunny, and clear for outdoor activities, Monday started cloudy with a forecast of rain. I started from my living place to Kyoto University around 10 in the morning. I took the city bus, which shuttles people from the city centre to the university. Within half an hour, I was in a serene, green, and beautiful campus, typical of a Japanese university. Kyoto University has a rich blend of modern and ancient architecture, and I was not surprised to see a large maroon-coloured ark at the entrance of the university.

With Prof. Tetsuro, who hosted me at the Graduate School of Informatics at Kyoto University.

I met Tesuji Tetsuro upon arrival (our previous in-person meeting was in the 2023 Optics & Photonics Congress on optical manipulation at Yokohama). He had just arrived from his run (he is a regular marathon runner), and we had a brief chat. He had arranged an office for me to occupy for the day. We had a short discussion and thereafter went for lunch. Prof. Kazuo Aoki (Tetsuro’s erstwhile advisor at Kyoto University) accompanied us, and I was delighted to meet him. We had a delicious lunch at a small Italian restaurant.

Around 3 pm, we met at the seminar hall where I gave my talk titled Hot Brownian Dynamics Driven by Structured Light. One of the key points I emphasized in my talk was the relevance of structured light in driving Brownian dynamics of colloids. I spoke about various parts of the stochastic differential equation (see equation 1 below) that represent the dynamics of a colloidal system interacting with an external force.

A key element of my discussion was the generalized driving force on the right-hand side of the equation, where the conventional restoring force in an optical trap can be generalized to an external driving force due to structured light. This versatile force is a result of a large set of linear and angular momentum states of structured light. These states can drive soft matter, further resulting in unconventional assembly and dynamics. Furthermore, the generalized driving force can include not only the optical force but also the thermal and hydrodynamic effects initiated by optical illumination. The combination of these forces culminates in a resultant force, offering an unconventional driving mechanism to drive the structure, assembly, and dynamics of colloids and other kinds of soft matter systems, including droplets and fluids. I showed some of our experimental results related to the above-mentioned concepts with emphasis on rotational and orbital degrees of freedom. I also presented our recent results on synchronization in an optothermal trap.

We had a long discussion on how to measure fluid dynamic properties around such colloids, especially when there is an external perturbation force, such as a laser beam, which can itself influence the colloidal dynamics. Tetsuro also mentioned his protocols and certain simulation strategies utilized to study thermo-osmotic flows in such situations. I learned about interesting methods they have been developing to numerically simulate the interactions using differential temperatures. The strategy is interesting and deserves further attention by the community. He also showed his experimental setup and gave a tour of his laboratory facilities.

Overall, it was a long, thoughtful day with wonderful discussions on topics of common scientific interest. We ended with a delicious dinner at a Japanese izakaya, and I thank Tetsuro for his invitation and hospitality. Kyoto University has a wonderful atmosphere for research, and I hope to visit again.

Osaka and Optical Manipulation

Thanks to the invitation of Prof. Hajime Ishihara, I visited Osaka from 29th April to 2nd May 2023.

I arrived in Osaka on Saturday (29th Apr). On 30th Apr (Sunday) I headed out to visit the famous Kiyomizudera Temple in Kyoto with 2 PhD students from Ishihara’s group : Hideki Arahari and Takao Horai

Kiyomizudera Temple towards the right and beautiful landscape surrounding it.

Apart from the temple, we had a wonderful time exploring the Nishiki Market and Kamo river.

On 1st May, I visited Osaka University to officially meet Prof Ishihara, his group and other research groups in the university. We had a wonderful discussion on optical manipulation and major projects related to it especially in Japan, and undoubtedly Osaka has emerged as a major center in optical manipulation.

I was delighted to see so many students and research groups interested in optical trapping/manipulation and related science and technology. I learnt about some very interesting applications of optical manipulation. Also, it was great to see such a great sense of humor in this group of researchers. It was truly amazing.

Science + Humor …..we had a great time..

I also visited labs of Prof. Ashida and Prof Ito, and got a very nice overview of their work including optical manipulation in liquid helium and photochemical reactions in an optical trap.

At 4pm, I gave my talk on “Optical Manipulation based on Opto-Thermal Gradients“. I elaborated on the role of absorption and related thermal gradient in optical manipulation. I presented some of our ongoing work on optical manipulation with structured light. The talk was attended by at least 30 to 40 people, and I was informed that students from various groups in Osaka were present (there are a few universities). The quality of questions and the follow up discussion was very good, and really enjoyed it.

Finally, the day ended with a wonderful dinner at a tofu-themed Japanese restaurant. We had wonderful discussion on history and philosophy in our countries, and was very interesting.

Dinner with Professors Ishihara, Ito, Ashida and Yokoyama

My trajectory in Japan has been Yokohama –> Tokyo –> Okinawa –> Osaka. After 16 days, one conference talk and 4 research seminar across Japan, I am now heading back from Osaka to Tokyo (and writing this blog) on Shinkansen – the bullet train. Tomorrow, I will be leaving to India.

In Japanese, the word ‘Osaka’ also means ‘a large hill’. Japan’s geography has many large hills (see a picture of Mt. Fuji I took from the moving Shinkansen), and metaphorically speaking Japanese like to scale complex landscapes of life by bringing culture with science and technology. There is a lot to learn from this approach to life.

Osaka, optical manipulation and the perennial ascent towards knowledge. What a memorable trip this has been.

To Japan and to all the people I met here – Doumo Arigatou Gozaimasu !

Ocean, Okinawa and OIST…

I had a memorable visit to Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology – OIST (27th and 28th April 2023). Prof. Mahesh Bandi was my host, I had a fabulous time interacting with him and a few other groups. Below are some (of many) highlights.

First, the geography : located in the midst of the ocean(s), away from the mainland Japan, Okinawa is the southern most part of Japan. I took a 2.5 hrs. flight from Tokyo and reached the destination when it was dark.

In the morning, I woke up and opened the window to be pleasantly surprised to see the beautiful ocean in my field of view. Below is a photo I took from the balcony of the room.

At the outset, I had a fabulous discussion. Mahesh and I had a excellent free-wheeling discussion on various topics including science, arts and history. Also, I visited his lab to see very creative experiments on non-equilibrium physics including some fascinating experimental designs to probe dynamics at liquid-air interface. He has a fabulous set of students working on interesting problems. It was both refreshing and stimulating.

In the afternoon, I gave my seminar and below is an interesting announcement (because it spells out my full name :-)). I discussed about some non-equilibrium aspects of our work, and towards the end emphasized some interesting prospects of statistical optics in an optothermal-assembly.

After my talk, I had illuminating discussion with Prof. Pinaki Chakraborty on thermal diffusion, fluid dynamics and history of science. I enjoyed visiting his lab, in which they have built one of the biggest Taylor-Couette flow set up I have ever seen (see the frame behind Pinaki in the picture below).

Next day, I had an elaborate lab tour of Prof. Sile Nic Chormaic, who is an expert in various topics related to optics/photonics including optical trapping. As she was travelling, her post-doc Dr. Souvik Sil, hosted me and took me around to show various aspects of their lab. It was a great learning experience.

On the same day, I visited the cutting-edge lab of Prof. Keshav Dani. Since he was travelling, his team members gave me a brief tour and I was amazed by some of their experiments.

Another major highlight of my trip was to meet many IISER students. Specifically, I met Amit Bhunia (post-doc) and Saurav Raj (PhD student) who are IISER Pune alumnus. I also met many IISER Kolkata students (Souvik being one of them).

Overall, I was mighty impressed by the research infrastructure at OIST and the people working there. It is quite remarkable how they have been able to build such a great facility in such a short time (their campus started around 2010).

Today, I have reached Osaka, and on Monday will be giving a talk and visiting a few groups at Osaka Unviersity. Prof. Hajime Ishihara is my host, and I look forward to plenty of interaction on optical manipulation.

Two talks in Tokyo

Wonderful Japanese-Gothic architecture at The University of Tokyo

I gave two talks in Tokyo.

First was on 24th April at Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science. My host was Prof. Yutaka Sumino. I spoke about “Soft Matter in Opto-Thermal Gradients“. I gave a short introduction to opto-thermal perturbations and potentials, and discussed some of our work on opto-thermophoretic trapping and Brownian dynamics. The audience contained a few master students too, and I really enjoyed discussing some concepts related to Brownian motion in an optothermal trap, and related experiments. Also, I had a very interesting discussion with Sumino and his students on their experiments on Janus particles.

The second talk was on 25th April at Department of Physics, University of Tokyo. My host was Prof. Kazumasa Takeuchi. I spoke about “Soft Matter in Opto-Thermal Gradients : Evolutionary Dynamics and Pattern Formation“.

This talk was also announced on Japan’s statphys mailing list, and also live-casted over zoom. I discussed about the origins of optothermal effects in a laser trap, and how it can lead to some interesting dynamics and pattern formation in soft-matter system. Specifically, I highlighted the concept of Hot Brownian motion, and how it can be influenced using thermo-plasmons. The talk and discussion went on for almost 2 hours, and I really loved it. Also, Takeuchi and his students gave an overview of their work including a live demonstration on turbulence in liquid crystals, and it was fantastic.

OMC 2023

We had a great discussion after the talk… spoke on how temperature gradients can be harnessed for optical manipulation in colloidal fluids… which further leads to some interesting Brownian dynamics

The 10th Optical Manipulation and Structured Materials Conference (OMC2023) was superb….learnt a lot.
This was part of Optics & Photonics International Congress 2023

Thanks to Prof. Takashige Omatsu for the invitation and amazing Japanese hospitality…

Geo-fractal…somewhere over south India

I am always amazed to see fractal-like patterns….this one at a geographical scale…captured somewhere over south India..

I took the photo on my trip back to Pune from IIT Madras…

Thanks to IIT-M physics department for their invitation for colloquium…

Special thanks to Basudev Roy and Nirmala for hosting…. greatly enjoyed the discussion with many faculties and students..

In my talk, I mainly spoke on topics at the interface of statistical optics, Brownian motion and pattern formation..
Was delighted to see (and meet) Profs. Balki, Suresh Govindarajan Sunil Kumar Arnab Pal and many more in the audience.

The photo, retrospectively, captures the essence of the science discussed…

Soft Matter Optics – talk at ACS -India

About 2 years ago (22nd May 2020), when all the academic activities were online, I gave a talk on “Soft-Matter Optics: A Cabinet of Curiosities” organized by American Chemical Society as part of India Science Talks. Below is the embedded video of the online talk.

Link to ACS website can be found here.

In there, I give a broad overview of how interesting optical function can emerge from the complex world of soft matter. In addition to this, I have emphasized how optics can be harnessed to study structure and dynamics of soft-matter systems including colloids, liquid crystal and some biological matter. The target audience are new PhD students and anyone who is entering the field of light-soft matter interaction.

Hot Brownian Colloids – talk

On 19th Jan 2023, I gave a ~40 min talk on “Hot Brownian Colloids in Structured Optical Tweezers” in a very interesting conference on Frontiers in Non-Equilibrium Physics (FNEP) held at Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai.

I mainly spoke about emergent Brownian dynamics of laser-heated colloids under optical confinement. Below is the link to the talk.

I concluded my talk quoting P W Anderson’s essay “More is Different“

“The constructionist hypothesis breaks down when confronted with the twin difficulties of scale and complexity. The behavior of large and complex aggregates of elementary particles, it turns out, is not to be understood in terms of a simple extrapolation of the properties of a few particles.

Instead, at each level of complexity entirely new properties appear, and the understanding of the new behaviors requires research which I think is as fundamental in its nature as any other.”
P.W. Anderson ‘More is Different’
Science, 177, 4047 (1972)

More is not only different, but also wonderful !

FCS workshop – talk slides

I gave a tutorial talk on “Plasmons, SERS and more”: at National Workshop on Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy

Below is the embedded file of the presentation

My talk at ICTS

On 1st Dec 2022, I gave a talk on “Structured-Light Scattering : Implications in Momentum Space” as part of a discussion meeting on STRUCTURED LIGHT AND SPIN-ORBIT PHOTONICS held at International Center of Theoretical Sciences, Bangalore.

I mainly spoke about topological light scattering in the frame work of angular momentum of light and absorptive effects in optothermal tweezers created by structured light.

Below is the embedded video link to my talk. The playlist also has many other interesting talks related to the topic.