Masterpiece: The Book of Optics by al-Haytham

#history of #science #optics #geometry

References :

Sabra, A. I. (1989). The Optics of Ibn alHaytham: Books IIII: On Direct Vision. London: The Warburg Institute.

Sabra, A. I. (2002). The Optics of Ibn alHaytham: Edition of the Arabic Text of Books IVVII. Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters.

Sabra, A. I. (2023). The Optics of Ibn alHaytham Books IV–V: On Reflection and Images Seen by Reflection (Revised ed.). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

“Kitāb almanāẓir | work by Ibn alHaytham Britannica.” [Online]. Available: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kita…. [Accessed: 15Jul2024].

“Ibn alHaytham or Alhazen The Institute of Ismaili Studies.” [Online]. Available: https://www.iis.ac.uk/learningcentre/…. [Accessed: 15Jul2024].

Sadi Carnot – a brief biography

Sadi Carnot’s book : https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/2559_Therm_Stat_Mech/docs/Carnot%20Reflections%201897%20facsimile.pdf

Other references:

  1. Thomson, William. 1849. “XXXVI.—An Account of Carnot’s Theory of the Motive Power of Heat; with Numerical Results Deduced from Regnault’s Experiments on Steam.,” January. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0080456800022481.
  2. Klein, Martin J. 1974. “Carnot’s Contribution to Thermodynamics.” Physics Today 27 (8): 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3128802.
  3. Asimov, Isaac. 1982. Asimov’s Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology : The Lives and Achievements of 1510 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present Chronologically Arranged. Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday. http://archive.org/details/asimovsbiographi00asim.
  4. Carnot, Sadi. 2005. Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire : And Other Papers on the Second Law of Thermodynamics by E. Clapeyron and R. Clausius. New York : Dover. http://archive.org/details/reflectionsonmot0000carn_a8p6.
  5. Dass, N. D. Hari. 2013. The Principles of Thermodynamics. 1st edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Conversation with Sreejith G.J.

Sreejith G J is a condensed matter theorist and an associate professor at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune. http://sites.iiserpune.ac.in/~sreejith/index.html

He is interested in strongly correlated quantum physics, including fractional quantum Hall effects and some spin systems.

Interestingly, he started as a mechanical engineer and then moved to study the general theory of relativity and eventually became a condensed matter physicist. How did his interest evolve, and how did he become a physicist?

We address this and other interesting aspects of his career in this ’emergence series’.

Listen as we humanize science.

Conversation with Neeraja Dashaputre

Neeraja is an organic chemist who is deeply interested in education. She has been researching and exploring ways to make chemical education appealing and thought-provoking. How & Why does she do this?

Listen to this conversation under the ‘emergence’ series as we humanize science.

References:

  1. “Dr. Neeraja Dashaputre / People – IISER Pune.” n.d. Accessed June 23, 2024. https://www.iiserpune.ac.in/institute/people/non-teaching-staff/technical-services/360/dr-neeraja-dashaputre.
  2. “Neeraja (@NeerDash) / X.” 2024. X (Formerly Twitter). June 14, 2024. https://x.com/neerdash.
  3. IISER Pune, dir. 2018a. Caffein. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUteCeOMM4c.
  4. ———, dir. 2018b. Fluorescein. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4OPFOavVhA.
  5. “UTLP University Teaching and Learning Program.” n.d. Accessed June 23, 2024. https://tltc.umd.edu/instructors/instructor-ta-support/graduate-tas-instructors-and-undergraduate-assistants/UTLP.
  6. “Neeraja Dashaputre.” n.d. YouTube. Accessed June 23, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvjuyxC4BpSF1wJigbZtpAg.

Conversation with Pushkar Sohoni

Pushkar Sohoni is an architect, architectural and cultural historian, and associate professor at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) in Pune. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pushkar_Sohoni&oldid=1217982761.

 He has been involved in various conservation projects and has written extensively on the history of architecture, numismatics, and material culture. Sohoni has also been a consultant for the Sahapedia project on culturally mapping the city of Pune and has contributed to several documentaries on the history of Ahmednagar.

In this episode, we explore his intellectual history with a lively conversation on various topics, including his research interests.

Listen as we humanize science.

References:

  1. “Pushkar Sohoni.” 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pushkar_Sohoni&oldid=1217982761.
  2. “Pushkar Sohoni – IISER Pune.” n.d. Accessed June 17, 2024. https://www.iiserpune.ac.in/research/department/humanities-and-social-sciences/people/faculty/regular-faculty/pushkar-sohoni/339.
  3. “Pushkar Sohoni – Associate Professor and Chair, Humanities and Social Sciences – Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune | LinkedIn.” n.d. Accessed June 17, 2024. https://in.linkedin.com/in/pushkar-sohoni-11754a13.
  4. “Pushkar Sohoni: Books, Biography, Latest Update.” n.d. Amazon.In. Accessed June 17, 2024. https://www.amazon.in/stores/author/B014L77ZCI.
  5. Sahapedia, dir. 2021. In Conversation with Pushkar Sohoni about the Educational and Research Institutes in Pune | In Pune. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhGg8Oo77Vw.
  6. “The Kingdom of Ahmednagar (Lecture 3) : Architectural History Presented by Pushkar Sohoni. – YouTube.” n.d. Accessed June 17, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhJ_m7vyxXE.

Discipline is a Talent – Federer’s point 

On 9th June 2024, the great Roger Federer gave a commencement speech at Dartmouth College. In this speech, he made some interesting observations on the parallels between tennis and life. He made three relevant observations. First, he mentioned that effortlessness is a myth. Secondly, he emphasized that failure is part of one’s journey. Third, he mentioned that life is greater than the court, meaning there are bigger priorities in life, such as family, health, etc.

One of the fascinating facts he revealed is that he ended up victorious in about 80% of the matches he played, but this was achieved by winning only about 54% of all the points. This highlighted the point (no pun intended) that one will always have lows in life’s journey. I really felt the speech made some profound observations about life by making a great analogy between life and the game of tennis. 

During this discussion, Federer made a comparison between being gifted and gritty. He brought the ‘question of talent’ to play and made pertinent observations. He mentioned that talent has a broad definition, including human abilities such as discipline, trusting oneself, loving the work process, managing oneself and a few others. The proposition that discipline is also a talent caught my attention as it resonated with my opinion. 

This motivated me to ask how discipline plays a critical role in learning science and mathematics? We need to put in time and effort to learn anything at some depth. This kind of dedication to be disciplined is, in fact, a talent. Other features, such as managing time and balancing breadth and depth of knowledge, are also included. Generally, such features are not considered talents, but Federer’s speech hints at broadening the definition of talent.    

     In the history of science, there are many examples of people who were not considered gifted while growing up but made important contributions to science and technology. Albert Einstein is one such example. So much so that Einstein was considered a failure by his school teachers, and many did not consider him competent even up to the stage of his PhD. Now, we all know how wrong those people and their judgements were.

Another example is S. Chandrashekar, the famous astrophysicist. At an early age, he was considered brilliant, but a significant feature of Chandra was that he worked very hard (although he was rated highly). He was indeed very gritty and dedicated himself to the pursuit of science. He combined ‘giftedness’ with ‘grittiness’, so to speak. 

These examples show a variety of characteristics that can lead to good work. Being patient, dedicated and hardworking can be an asset in any career and scientific research is no exception. In a way, this reinforces Federer’s thoughts on broadening the definition of talent.

Federer was undoubtedly one of the greatest tennis players ever. There is a lot to learn from him and his recent speech. There are some profound lessons for teachers and researchers like me from his points (again, no pun intended 🙂). 

 The takeaway from all this is “discipline is a form of talent”, and the world has to take note of this. Now that is a game, set & lesson for life.