VISMAYA: History & Philosophy of Physics

Author: G V Pavan Kumar

  • Have You Seen the Bird Flying? by D. R. Bendre

    ಕನ್ನಡ ರಾಜ್ಯೋತ್ಸವದ ಶುಭಾಶಯಗಳು

    Reproducing one of Da. Ra. Bendre’s Kannada poems titled “ಹಕ್ಕಿ ಹಾರುತಿದೆ ನೋಡಿದಿರಾ?” which translates to Have You Seen the Bird Flying?

    A comment on the poem: In my reading, this poem is a metaphor for the exploration of the universe through the exploration of a bird. The poet periodically asks: “Have you seen the bird flying?”, thereby motivating the reader to observe what the bird may be seeing and doing. It is a poem read by school children, but there is a deeper philosophical meaning in asking humans to look up at the sky and realize the flight of a bird in themselves. YouTube also has the original audio of Bendre reciting the first few lines of the poem, and it is worth listening to.

    Below is the poem, followed by a decent translation.

    “ಹಕ್ಕಿ ಹಾರುತಿದೆ ನೋಡಿದಿರಾ?”

    ಇರುಳಿರುಳಳಿದು ದಿನದಿನ ಬೆಳಗೆ
    ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲೂ ಮೇಲಕೆ ಕೆಳಗೆ
    ಗಾವುದ ಗಾವುದ ಗಾವುದ ಮುಂದಕೆ
    ಎವೆ ತೆರೆದಿಕ್ಕುವ ಹೊತ್ತಿನ ಒಳಗೆ
    ಹಕ್ಕಿ ಹಾರುತಿದೆ ನೋಡಿದಿರಾ?

    ಕರಿನೆರೆ ಬಣ್ಣದ ಪುಚ್ಚಗಳುಂಟು
    ಬಿಳಿ-ಹೊಳೆ ಬಣ್ಣದ ಗರಿ-ಗರಿಯುಂಟು
    ಕೆನ್ನನ ಹೊನ್ನನ ಬಣ್ಣಬಣ್ಣಗಳ ರೆಕ್ಕೆಗಳೆರಡೂ ಪಕ್ಕದಲುಂಟು
    ಹಕ್ಕಿ ಹಾರುತಿದೆ ನೋಡಿದಿರಾ?

    ತಿಂಗಳಿನೂರಿನ ನೀರನು ಹೀರಿ
    ಆಡಲು ಹಾಡಲು ತಾ ಹಾರಾಡಲು
    ಮಂಗಳಲೋಕದ ಅಂಗಳ ಕೇರಿ
    ಹಕ್ಕಿ ಹಾರುತಿದೆ ನೋಡಿದಿರಾ?

    ಮುಟ್ಟಿದೆ ದಿಙ್ಮಂಡಲಗಳ ಅಂಚ
    ಆಚೆಗೆ ಚಾಚಿದೆ ತನ್ನಯ ಚುಂಚ
    ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾಂಡಗಳನು ಒಡೆಯಲು ಎಂದೋ
    ಬಲ್ಲರು ಯಾರಾ ಹಾಕಿದ ಹೊಂಚ
    ಹಕ್ಕಿ ಹಾರುತಿದೆ ನೋಡಿದಿರಾ?

    Translation (ChatGPT):

    Have You Seen the Bird Flying?
    (by D. R. Bendre — English rendering)

    Night after night melts into day,
    All around, above and below —
    the world moves on and on,
    as the moment of awakening opens —
    Have you seen the bird flying?

    It has a tail dark as rainclouds,
    and feathers white, shining bright;
    its wings on either side
    are tinted with colors of gold and light —
    Have you seen the bird flying?

    It drinks the silvery water of the moon,
    to play, to sing, to soar;
    it enters the courtyard of the blessed world —
    Have you seen the bird flying?

    It’s touched the edge of the horizon,
    stretched its beak to the farthest reach;
    who knows — since when it has tried
    to break open the universe itself —
    Have you seen the bird flying?

  • π and population

    ‘There is a story about two friends, who were classmates in high school,
    talking about their jobs. One of them became a statistician and was working
    on population trends. He showed a reprint to his former classmate, The
    reprint started, as usual, with the Gaussian distribution and the statistician
    explained to his former classmate the meaning of the symbols for the actual
    population, for the average population, and so on. His classmate was a
    bit incredulous and was not quite sure whether the statistician was pulling
    his leg. “How can you know that?” was his query. “And what is this
    symbol here?” “Oh,” said the statistician, “this is π.” “What is that?”
    “The ratio of the circumference of the circle to its diameter.” “Well, now
    you are pushing your joke too far,” said the classmate, “surely the population has nothing to do with the circumference of the circle.
    ”’

    These are the opening lines of Wigner’s famous essay titled: The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences

  • Conversation with Amit Agarwal

    Welcome to the podcast, Pratidhavani – Humanizing Science

    Amit Agarwal is a professor of physics at IIT Kanpur specializing in theoretical condensed matter physics, quantum transport, and new physical phenomena in low-dimensional systems. His research explores topological materials, collective excitations, nanoscale device modeling, and the quantum many-body effects central to emerging quantum technologies.

    Amit is also the recent recipient of the Vigyan Yuva Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Physics – 2025

    In this episode, we explore his intellectual journey in physics.

    References:

    ‘QTT-IITK’. Accessed 26 October 2025. https://sites.google.com/site/amitkag1/.

    ‘Amit Kumar Agarwal’. Accessed 26 October 2025. https://iitk.ac.in/new/dr-amit-kumar-agarwal.

    ‘‪Amit Agarwal‬ – ‪Google Scholar‬’. Accessed 26 October 2025. https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=WcVpbRwAAAAJ&hl=en.

    ‘(6) Amit Agarwal | LinkedIn’. Accessed 26 October 2025. https://www.linkedin.com/in/amitagarwal2/.

    X (Formerly Twitter). ‘Amit Agarwal (@amit_phy) / X’. 12 October 2024. https://x.com/amit_phy.

  • Ability to Wonder

    More than 25 years ago, Prof. G. Srinivasan (RRI, Bengaluru), in an astrophysics class, narrated something that has stuck in my mind. 

    I am paraphrasing here. 

    He told us about a conversation he had with Prof. Jocelyn Bell, the discoverer of pulsars (rotating neutron stars). 

    When Jocelyn was asked: What is the most important quality to do scientific research? 

    She replied: ‘ability to wonder’. 

  • Pursuit of Radiance – musical & philosophical

    What happens when Carnatic music, eastern and western philosophy and optics come together?

    Well….if you ask my friend Karthik Raveendran, who is a Carnatic vocalist and a physicist, he will say Kānthimathīm – which is his musical video perspective on ‘Pursuit of Radiance’.

    Below I post his spectacular art, which includes his music and philosophical thoughts on the mentioned topics. All this visualized through Indian architecture, Finnish lakes and auroras over its sky.

    He has been very kind to acknowledge me in his video for my minor input on scientific philosophy. I am truly honored.

    Do watch+listen (~ 14 min)

  • A telescope built over 20 years

    For ages, human beings have been curious about stars. Telescopes as observational tools have changed how human beings have studied and understood astronomical objects. Below is a snapshot from a 1947 edition of popular mechanics that features someone named John Cartlidge from USA. He was a mechanical engineer and an amateur astronomer. The story reveals that he took 20 years to build the telescope, and the description text from the magazine is an interesting read. An amount of $600 plus, for that era, sounds expensive. But what is astonishing is the 20-year effort to build a telescope.

    This instance of human effort to pursue curiosity connects well to a wonderful poem: ‘Curiosity’ by David Jilk, and below I reproduce a stanza from it:

    “Your greatest teacher is the world itself
    and glory comes to those who find her codes;
    for she is coy, no book upon a shelf,
    and must be queried via crab-walk modes:
    your question is, which questions make inroads?
    Instruction thus proceeds aesthetically
    with obverse strokes of creativity.
    “

    Amateur astronomy fosters that strokes of creativity. After all, sky is the only limit !

  • Light pressure – Lebedev coin

    Today, in my optics class, I discussed optical forces due to momentum in electromagnetic waves. Towards the late 1800s, it was realized that light can impart momentum. This manifested as radiation pressure in the electromagnetic theory proposed by James Maxwell.

    Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev (24 February 1866 – 1 March 1912) was one of the earliest to experimentally measure (~1899) the radiation pressure on a surface (link to his 1900 paper in German). In 1991, the Soviet Union released a 1 ruble coin (pictured above) to commemorate Lebedev’s scientific achievement.

    The formula expresses the total momentum transferred per unit time ( radiation pressure, P) by a beam of N photons, each of energy hν, that is incident on a surface with a coefficient of reflectivity ρ. The constant, c, is the speed of light.

    The discussion in the class was mainly related to Ashkin’s work. I have written about this in the past.

    Shared below is a delightful lecture given by Ashkin at the age of ~96, after he received his Nobel prize.

  • Some writing advice (mainly physics) for UG students

    Some writing advice (mainly physics) I shared with my undergraduate class. This may be useful to others.

    1. Equations, data and figures make meaning when you include a context. This context is expressed using words. Symbols and data by themselves cannot complete the meaning of an argument, unless one knows the context. A common mistake undergraduates make in an exam is to answer questions using only symbols and figures and assume the reader can understand the context.
    2. One way to treat writing in physics (in this case, an exam paper or an assignment) is to imagine you are talking to a fellow physics student who is not part of the course you are writing about. This means you can assume some knowledge, but not the context. Anticipate their questions and address them in the text you are writing. This model also works while writing research papers with some caveats.
    3. While you refer to equations, data and figures in your assignment, make sure you cite the reference at the location of the content you are discussing. Merely listing the references at the end of the document does not make the connection. Remember, while talking, you never do this kind of referencing.
    4. It is useful to structure your arguments with headings, sub-headings and a numbered list. This gives a visual representation of your arguments. You may not find this kind of structured writing in novels, other forms of fictional writing and also in some literature related to social sciences, but in natural sciences with dense information, this will be very useful. Always remember, while writing science (or any form of nonfiction writing), clarity comes before aesthetics.

    Also, below is another blog related to written assignments.

  • Blog highlighted by SciRio

    A nice article by @RutujaUgale in @Sci_Rio that discusses public engagement by scientists as influencers of scientific thought.

    Thanks, Rutuja, for profiling my blog, ‘Vismaya’.

    Here is my quote from the article:

    “For me, there are two implications of doing science. One is that science is extremely useful to society, and the second is that it is a good, thoughtful way of living one’s life. Communicating the second implication is important to me, and I do this by researching, writing, and podcasting about the history and philosophy of science (physics in particular). This path helps people understand the human element of doing science and reveals a context. Some of my blogs (filtered here) discuss why I do science and how I do it. More than ‘influencing’ the audience, I am interested in inviting them to explore science by themselves via their own curiosity. That is one reason why my blog is called VISMAYA.”

    Link to the full article.

  • Builders of Modern Scientific India

    Images from: Leslie, Stuart W., and Indira Chowdhury. ‘Homi Bhabha Master Builder of Nuclear India’. Physics Today 71, no. 9 (2018): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4021.

    When we remember and talk about building modern, scientific India, we must acknowledge past scientists who played a critical role in taking ideas and turning them into reality. Homi Bhabha (image on left) was one of the pioneers. But we must also remember many unknown people of India who literally built modern scientific facilities, such as the CIRUS nuclear reactor (image on right is from 1958). Although their faces are invisible, their contributions should not be.